The main topic of episode 2 is on sea level and deviations from sea level.
Listen here: https://raisedbeaches.buzzsprout.com/
Watch here: https://www.youtube.com/@evangowan
Epsiode 2 – Intro
I discuss about my activities from June to late July, including my stay at the Kikai Institute for Coral Reef Sciences, and the University at Buffalo. I then discuss about the global temperature record that was achieved in July 2024. I give an overview of a study on the climate impacts of the Hunga Tonga eruption from 2022, and a study that puts the 2023 temperatures in context with the past 2000 years. Finally, I discuss about the wildfires that affected the Canadian town of Jasper in July 2024, and discus my trip to that area back in 2009.
- KIKAI Institute for Coral Reef Sciences: https://kikaireefs-english.org/
- Greenland ICESHEET simulator on GHUB at University of Buffalo: https://theghub.org/resources/icesheet1
- Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP): https://theghub.org/groups/ismip6/wiki
- Temperature records in Japan, in The Mainichi: https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20240730/p2a/00m/0na/005000c
- Temperature record reached on July 21, in The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/23/world-temperature-records-shattered-hottest-day-climate-crisis
- Copernicus Climate Change Service noting the warmest recorded temperature: https://climate.copernicus.eu/new-record-daily-global-average-temperature-reached-july-2024
- NASA also showing the warmest temperature on record: https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-data-shows-july-22-was-earths-hottest-day-on-record/
- Sea ice anomaly record by Zachary Labe: https://zacklabe.com/global-sea-ice-extent-conc/
- Berkeley Earth July 2024 temperature update: https://berkeleyearth.org/july-2024-temperature-update/
- Hunga Tonga eruption image by KITAMOTO Asanobu, National Institute of Informatics: http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/volcano-eruption/2022-hunga-tonga/
- Schoeberl et al investigation on the impacts on global temperature of the Hunga Tonga eruptions from 2022: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041296
- Esper et al record of the temperatures from the past 2000 years: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07512-y
- The town of Jasper in Alberta, Canada was hit hard by forest fires, reported on the CBC: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/with-the-flames-expected-to-flare-crews-make-critical-progress-in-fighting-jasper-wildfire-1.7278443
Epsiode 2 – Main Topic
I discuss about “what is sea level”, and some deviations from this constant surface. This includes tides, storm surges, tsunamis, ocean current shifts, and temperature/salinity changes.
Concepts:
Geopotential: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopotential
Ellipsoid: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsoid
Geoid: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoid
Tides (From the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration): https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides03_gravity.html
Storm surge: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge
Tsunami: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami
- Geoid image: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2009/03/The_Earth_s_gravity_field_geoid
- 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami
- 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
- Usui and Ogawa (2022), sea level changes due to shifts in the Kuroshio Current: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-022-00657-2
- Stammer et al (2013), on changes to contemporary regional sea level: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172406
Epsiode 2 – More Main Topic
In this further discussion, I talk about my experience teaching about sea level change at the Kikai Institute for Coral Reef Sciences, a new book on sea level, how we measure sea level, and tsunamis.
- “Sea Level: A History” by Wilko Graf von Hardenberg: https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo221935080.html
- The story of Anders Celcius and the “Seals Rock”: https://www.sealevelrise.com/2014/01/03/the-seal-rocks/
- Jason-1 satellite: https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason-1/summary/
- 1792 Unzen tsunami: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1792_Unzen_landslide_and_tsunami
Epsiode 2 – Papers
In this episode, I discuss a paper about Holocene sea level fluctuations due to changes in the ENSO cycle in southern China, and a paper about a major tsunami that happened in eastern Greenland in September 2023.
- Yan et al (2024) – Significant Sea‐Level Fluctuations in the Western Tropical Pacific During the Mid‐Holocene: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023PA004783
- Svennevig et al (2024) – A rockslide-generated tsunami in a Greenland fjord rang Earth for 9 days: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adm9247
- 2017 tsunami in Nuugaatsiaq in western Greenland: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16bAhJSL2-o
- 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Lituya_Bay_earthquake_and_megatsunami
Raised Beaches 
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